Task 9: Terminology

This terminology below is to help me remember key terms and revise them for my exam in the summer.

Mainstream film: Movies that you hear a lot about from other people and have a wider audience. Also they are all co-produced by the big six. (e.g. Star Wars: Force Awakens, Hunger games part 2 etc.)

Mainstream Cinemas: Only play and distribute mainstream films. (e.g. Odeon, Cineworld and View)

Independent films/cinemas: Completely produced outside the big six, so are produced and distributed by mini majors (Open Road films, Lionsgate and CBS Films) (e.g. Selfish Giant budget was £500,000)

Production: Making or manafacturing from tasks during filming or shooting, such as pre-production. (e.g. Universal production comapany produced: Jurassic world, Back to The Future, Fast and furious 7 and Despicable Me).

Distribution: Is the process of making a movie available for viewing by an audience. (e.g. Jurassic Worlds distributors were Andes Films)

Marketing: The action or business of promoting and selling products or services, including market research and advertising. (e.g. Hunger games part 2 budget for marketing was $215 million)

Exchange: Gaining money back from DVD's, CD's, box office sales etc. (e.g. Fast and Furious made $1.516 billion at box office)

Multinational conglomerate: Is a corporation that is amde up of a number of different unrelated businesses. In a conglomerate, one company owns a controlling stake in a number of smaller companies. (e.g 21st Century Fox)

Monopoly: a single company or business that owns all or nearly all of the market for a particular product.

Oligopoly: A number of firms that have the large majority of market share. (e.g. The big six studios recieved almost 87% of American film revenues)

The Big Six:
- Sony
- Warner Bros
- 20th Century Fox
- Disney
- Universal
- Paramount

Horizontal Integration: film companies that need other help to produce, distribute etc.

Vertical Integration: is a wholly integrated company, so can produce, distribute and exhibit films with no help. (e.g. Warner Bros Pictures)

Synergy: When two or more businesses, companies work together to produce a better effect than if they were all seperate.

Merchandising: Promoting using the sale of goods, and branded products etc. (e.g. Star wars on the side of an Evian Water Bottle)

Ultra Violet: Included in a DVD, allows you to add the film or TV show to a digital collection and gives that person a unique code that they can share with friends.

Above the line: mass media is used to promote films (e.g. television, radio advertising and the internet).

Below the line: is more one to one and involves holding out leaflets, stickers and banners. (e.g. indie films, such as Wild Bill)

Technological Convergence: the trend for different technologies for the delivery of a film. (e.g. I Player)

Cross Media Convergence: When different types of technologies come together to create a new technology. (e.g. Sony and Ericson)

Consumption: the person that watch the films, TV programmes, adverts etc. (e.g. in 2016 114.4 million people watched the Super Bowl)

Exhibition: is the showing of a film and how it can be viewed.

Piracy: unauthorized duplication of a copyrighted content which is then sold at market for a lower price than it should be. (e.g. a £50 home screening system may help stop piracy)

Hollywood Franchise 4S Model: Synergy, spectacle, sequelisation and story.

Tie-in: work of fiction or other products based on a media property, such as: board games, video game, book etc. (e.g. Step up have a fitness DVD)